The Researcher

This project was built by a junior finance student at a US business school (Class of 2027), with a focus on credit markets, liquidity risk, and quantitative analysis. The work is entirely independent — not affiliated with any course, professor, or institution.

Academic and professional background includes:

  • Treasury and Liquidity Risk Analysis — shadowed a VP of Treasury at a large regional healthcare system, evaluating 100+ investment opportunities on risk-return and credit metrics
  • Private Equity Modeling — completed LBO, DCF, and SaaS financial models through the Wharton PE Certification, with emphasis on leverage sensitivity and downside scenarios
  • Competitive Trading — led a team to a university-record 8.7% return in a simulated $1M portfolio challenge, managing market risk exposure across a multi-asset book
  • Investment Banking Pitch Competition — led a team that built a full buyout model (leverage, IRR sensitivity, downside protection) and presented to a panel of PE and IB professionals
  • Campus Leadership — VP of Private Equity & Investment Banking at a university finance a ssociation, advising peers on recruiting and deal processes
Why This Project

Private credit is one of the fastest-growing and least transparent segments of global finance. Most coverage is either sell-side marketing or academic work written years after the fact. The goal here was to build something closer to what an analyst at a credit fund or research desk would actually produce — original data synthesis, charted and documented in real time as the market evolves.

The project started as an attempt to understand the structural opacity in default rate reporting — where the same market produces readings from 0.75% to 9.2% depending on methodology. It grew into five research volumes covering market structure, firm-level credit quality, ratings divergence, and liquidity architecture — alongside a separate Fund Audits vehicle for bottom-up forensic analysis of individual funds, an Insurance Audits track examining PE-owned life insurers and circular capital flows, and a Research Library of eight published memoranda synthesizing findings into investable theses.

The research is not investment advice. It is a working demonstration of what independent analytical thinking looks like when applied systematically to a complex, data-sparse market.

Research Arc
Vol. 1
Market Overview

Baseline heatmaps, leverage and dry powder trends, index tables. Established the analytical framework and data pipeline used in all subsequent volumes.

Vol. 2
Firm Deep-Dives & PIK Risk

Manager-level analysis across Apollo, Ares, Blackstone, Blue Owl, and others. Introduced PIK loan tracking as a shadow default proxy — before it became mainstream coverage.

Vol. 2.5
Roll-Up PIK Audit

Focused audit of roll-up company structures — a specific category of sponsor-backed borrowers with elevated PIK exposure and compressed coverage ratios.

Vol. 3
Credit Ratings Deep-Dive

Systematic comparison of Moody's, S&P, Fitch, and KBRA ratings methodologies applied to private credit — and why they diverge by up to 12× on the same underlying market.

Vol. 4
Market Structure Deep-Dive

Spread compression, CLO formation records, credit secondaries surge, AUM by strategy, and the retail capital influx reshaping the investor base.

Vol. 5
Liquidity & Redemption Architecture

The structural mechanics of why private credit funds are exposed to redemption shocks — and the real-time evidence from Apollo, Ares, and Blackstone in March 2026.

Forensic fund audits are published separately under the Fund Audits and Insurance Audits sections — distinct analytical vehicles from the volume series.

Fund Audits

A running dashboard of forensic audits across the non-traded BDC and interval fund universe — the least transparent $200B+ corner of private credit. Each audit is built from SEC filings (10-K, 10-Q, XBRL), cross-validated against publicly traded proxies, and scored on a structured red-flag rubric. See also: Insurance Audits — a separate forensic track examining PE-owned life insurers, RBC ratio integrity, and circular capital flows. First audit completed: Global Atlantic / KKR ($219B AUM, 12 red flags).

✓ Done
OCIC — Blue Owl Credit Income Corp ($35.9B)

Completed. 14 red flags, 0.91× distribution coverage, +324% stressed loan growth, implied value ~$7.13/share vs $9.32 stated NAV. Full XBRL extraction through FY 2025 10-K.

#1
BCRED — Blackstone Private Credit Fund ($82.2B)

Priority queue. World's largest non-traded BDC. Retail capital concentration risk, gate mechanism analysis, and spread compression thesis in progress.

#2–4
CCLFX / HLEND / ASIF

Cliffwater Corporate Lending (~$30-32B interval fund), HPS/BlackRock Lending Partners (~$23.2B, management transition risk), and Ares Strategic Income Fund (~$22.7B) — all queued for audit.

Alert
FSK — FS KKR Capital Corp (~$14B)

Live alert. Moody's downgraded FSK's senior unsecured debt to junk (Ba1) in March 2026 — the first major BDC credit downgrade in the current cycle. Under active monitoring.

Insurance Audits

A forensic track examining PE-owned life insurers — analyzing RBC ratio integrity, Level 3 asset concentration, affiliated reinsurance circularity, and the structural risks embedded in annuity-funded alternative asset platforms. Each audit is built from statutory filings, NAIC data, public disclosures, and cross-referenced against BDC/credit fund holdings where relevant.

✓ Done
Global Atlantic / KKR ($219B AUM)

Completed. 12 red flags. ~1/3 Level 3 assets, $140B+ illiquid block, affiliated reinsurance via Bermuda vehicles, RBC ratio pressure at capital buffers below 250%. Full forensic memo published to Research Library.

✓ Done
F&G / Blackstone (NYSE: FG) — $73.1B AUM

Completed. 10 red flags. Double-dependency structure: Blackstone manages assets AND backs Fort Greene Reinsurance (Cayman, $1B capital). $278M alternatives underperformance in FY2025 accelerating. GAAP earnings −60% YoY. Full forensic memo published to Research Library.

✓ Done
AEL / Brookfield — $109.6B Insurance Invested Assets

Completed. 10 red flags, 3 Critical. Vermont captive XOL phantom assets ($5.28B) failed all NAIC risk transfer tests; Hannover books $0 reserves against them. Potential insolvency if reclassified as nonadmitted. Freestone Re (Bermuda) holds $24B affiliated quota-share cession. Full forensic memo published to Research Library.

Built With

All analysis, charts, and data processing were built from scratch using the following tools:

RCore analysis language
ggplot2Chart production (all PNGs)
dplyr / tidyrData manipulation
FRED APILive macro data (spreads, rates)
quantmodBDC & ETF price data
R ShinyLocal live dashboard
openxlsxExcel report generation
GitHub PagesHosting & deployment

The live dashboard runs locally via R Shiny, pulling FRED data every 5 minutes and tracking BDC prices, HY/IG spreads, the yield curve, and alt manager performance in real time.

Disclaimer

This website is independent academic and educational work. It does not constitute investment advice, a solicitation, or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. All data is sourced from publicly available information and is presented for informational purposes only. Research volumes 2–5 are password-protected and intended for professional audiences. The author has no affiliation with any of the firms, funds, or data providers mentioned.